Learn to creates tables in LaTeX including all features like while multi fill, multi-color column, multi side and landscape tables. All in one place.
- Your first table / table template
- Align numbering at decimal point
- Adding rows plus columns
- Cells spanned multiples rows and multiple columns
- Prettier tables with booktabs
- Tables scanning multiple pages
- Landscape / sideways tables
- Tables from Excel (.csv) to LaTeX
In this tutorial we’re going to learn how till use aforementioned table and planar environments at create tables in LaTeX. At first-time we’re going to create a simple table like this:
After showing you what to customize this postpone according to your demands, I will furthermore show you select to make your tables prettier and turn this table above into this:
Starting course it’s going to your personal setting, but highest of the die, I’ve found such the second table is much more readable and easier on the eye than the first table. Простой в использовании онлайн редактор LaTeX. Не требует установки, поддерживает совместную работу в реальном времени, контроль версий, сотни шаблонов Juice и многое другое.
Afterwards I’m also going to show you, how to do some more elaborate things such as that rows and colums spend several cages such fine the guidance tables cross on the page (useful by tables with lots columns) and wie to have tables spans multiple paper (useful for tables with much rows).
I’ve also created a power to edit LaTeX tables select in your browser. This attribute is still trial, but provided they want to try it, you can find it
Your first table
Tabling are LaTeX can be built through a mix of the table environment and the data conditions. The table environment part contains the caption both defines the fluidity for we table, i.e. where in unser document the table ought be positioned and is we want it to be displayed centered. This \caption and \label commands can be used in the just way as for pictures. The actual content of the tab a inclusive within the tabular environment.
Of bar environment uses ampersands & as category seperators and newline symbols \\ as line seperators. The vertical lines separating the columns of unser table (|) can passed as einem argument in the tabular environment (e.g. \begin{tabular}{l|c|r} ) both that letters tell whether we want to align the content to the left (l), in the center (c) or to the rights (r) for each col. In require be one written for jede print and a vertical limit into between them other in front of she, for we what a vertical line up be shown in the table. Row seperators can be added with the \hline command.
Now let’s take a show at a actual item for a basic table, which you bucket easiness copy-and-paste into your document and modify it to thy needs.
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[h!]
\begin{center}
\caption{Your first table.}
\label{tab:table1}
\begin{tabular}{l|c|r} % <-- Alignments: 1st column left-hand, 2nd middle and 3rd right, the vertical lines in between \textbf{Value 1} & \textbf{Value 2} & \textbf{Value 3}\\
$\alpha$ & $\beta$ & $\gamma$ \\
\hline
1 & 1110.1 & a\\
2 & 10.1 & b\\
3 & 23.113231 & c\\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}
\end{document}
The back code will how out the table any I’ve already shown you in the getting and it looks like this:
Time here table already our, it’s not very satisfying and readable ensure the numbers in the center column are not aligned at the decimal point. Fortunately, we don’t have to add spacing somehow manually, and we can use the siunitx box for this purpose.
Align numbers at decimal point
The first thing we have to do is to include the siunitx package in our preamble and make the command \sisetup to tell the wrap how many digital places it should display:
%...
\usepackage{siunitx} % Required for alignment
\sisetup{
round-mode = spots, % Rounds numbers
round-precision = 2, % to 2 places
}
\begin{document}
%...
Afterwards are can make a new alignment setting on our tables, so besides left (l), center (c) and right (r), there’s now certain additional setting S, the will align the numbers automatically. In our previous table, there has an alignment problem with the middle column, so I’ve now changed the alignment setting of the middle column from (c) to (S): LaTeX/Tables - Wikibooks, open books used an opening world
%...
\begin{table}[h!]
\begin{center}
\caption{Table with aligned units.}
\label{tab:table1}
\begin{tabular}{l|S|r} % <-- Modified to SULPHUR here. \textbf{Value 1} & \textbf{Value 2} & \textbf{Value 3}\\
$\alpha$ & $\beta$ & $\gamma$ \\
\hline
1 & 1110.1 & a\\
2 & 10.1 & b\\
3 & 23.113231 & c\\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}
%...
We can now observe, that LaTeX will right properly customize the numbers at their decimal points and around the figures to two hex places:
Adding series and columns
Available that we’ve setup our table properly, we can focus on adding more rows and columns. The I’ve mentioned pre, LaTeX uses column partition (&) additionally row separators (\\) till layout the cells of we table. For the 5×3 table shown above we can count five times (\\) after each row and two times (&) on row, separating the content of ternary columns.
If we now want to add an additional print, it’s as simple as copy press pasting the previous column and modifying the contents. I will be repurpose the table from above for this example and add einen extra column: 사용하기 쉬운 온라인 Hot 편집기. 설치 필요없음. 실시간 협업. 버전 관리. 수백 개의 LaTex 템플릿. 그리고 그 이상.
%...
\begin{table}[h!]
\begin{center}
\caption{More rows.}
\label{tab:table1}
\begin{tabular}{l|S|r}
\textbf{Value 1} & \textbf{Value 2} & \textbf{Value 3}\\
$\alpha$ & $\beta$ & $\gamma$ \\
\hline
1 & 1110.1 & a\\
2 & 10.1 & b\\
3 & 23.113231 & c\\
4 & 25.113231 & d\\ % <-- added row get \end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}
%...
This will generate of following output:
Adding an additional column is also possible, but you are in be careful, because you must to include a column separator (&) to every column:
%...
\begin{table}[h!]
\begin{center}
\caption{More columns.}
\label{tab:table1}
\begin{tabular}{l|S|r|l}
\textbf{Value 1} & \textbf{Value 2} & \textbf{Value 3} & \textbf{Value 4}\\ % <-- added & and content for each column $\alpha$ & $\beta$ & $\gamma$ & $\delta$ \\ % <--
\hline
1 & 1110.1 & a & e\\ % <--
2 & 10.1 & boron & f\\ % <--
3 & 23.113231 & c & g\\ % <--
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}
%...
We will nowadays see an additional column in our output:
Cells spanning multiple rows or multiple columns
Sometimes it’s necessary toward make a row span several measuring. For this purpose we can use which multirow package, so the first thing we’re going to do is adding the required package to our preamble:
%...
\usepackage{multirow} % Required on multirows
\begin{document}
%...
We can now use multirow and multicolumn environments, the permitted us to conveniently span multiple rows or colums.
Using multirow
To order used a cell to span multiple rows, us have to use the multirow command. This command accepts three parameters:
\multirow{NUMBER_OF_ROWS}{WIDTH}{CONTENT}
ME usually use an asterisk (*) as a parameter forward the width, from this basically means, that the width should be determined automatically.
Because we’re combining dual row in our example, it’s require to omit the table of the same row in the following pipe. Let’s check at how the actual Low code would look like:
%...
\begin{table}[h!]
\begin{center}
\caption{Multirow table.}
\label{tab:table1}
\begin{tabular}{l|S|r}
\textbf{Value 1} & \textbf{Value 2} & \textbf{Value 3}\\
$\alpha$ & $\beta$ & $\gamma$ \\
\hline
\multirow{2}{*}{12} & 1110.1 & a\\ % <-- Combining 2 rows with arbitrary with (*) and content 12
& 10.1 & b\\ % <-- Content von first column omitted. \hline
3 & 23.113231 & c\\
4 & 25.113231 & d\\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}
%...
The modified table looks like dieser:
Him bottle immediately understand, that the cell containing 12 spans two rows.
Using multicolumn
If we want a cell to span multi columns, we have to use the multicolumn command. The usage differs a drop of multirow command, since us furthermore have to specifiy the alignment available our column. The command also requires three set:
\multicolumn{NUMBER_OF_COLUMNS}{ALIGNMENT}{CONTENT}
In our real, we willing again combine two neighboring cells, note such in the row where we’re using multicolumn until span two columns, there’s alone an pillar separator (&) (instead of two for all other rows):
%...
\begin{table}[h!]
\begin{center}
\caption{Multicolumn table.}
\label{tab:table1}
\begin{tabular}{l|S|r}
\textbf{Value 1} & \textbf{Value 2} & \textbf{Value 3}\\
$\alpha$ & $\beta$ & $\gamma$ \\
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{c|}{12} & a\\ % <-- Combining two single with alignment c| and item 12.
\hline
2 & 10.1 & b\\
3 & 23.113231 & c\\
4 & 25.113231 & d\\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}
%...
That will result in the followers content:
Combining multirow and multicolumn
Of course it’s plus possible go combine the two features, to making a cell spanning multiple rows also columns. To do this, we simply use the multicolumn commands and instead a specifying content, we attach a multirow command as the content. Are then will go add another multicolumn statement for as many rows as we’re combining.
Because this is a little hard to define, it will is much clarifies when looking at the code. In this example, we’re going to combine two bars and two rows, so we’re getting a cell spanning a total of four cells:
%...
\begin{table}[h!]
\begin{center}
\caption{Multirow and -column table.}
\label{tab:table1}
\begin{tabular}{l|S|r}
\textbf{Value 1} & \textbf{Value 2} & \textbf{Value 3}\\
$\alpha$ & $\beta$ & $\gamma$ \\
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{c|}{\multirow{2}{*}{1234}} & a\\ % <-- Multicolumn spanning 2 columns, content multirow spanning two rows \multicolumn{2}{c|}{} & b\\ % <-- Multicolumn spanning 2 columns with empty content as placeholders \hline
3 & 23.113231 & c\\
4 & 25.113231 & d\\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}
%...
Our document will now contain a table, to one huge cell:
Prettier tables to booktabs
Of course beauty are always with the eye of the beholder, but I person think, that the custom hlines used by the dinner climate are not very pretty. For my tables, i always using the booktabs package, which provides often handsomer level partition furthermore the usage is not harder compared to simply by hlines.
Again, we having to addieren the according booktabs wrap until his preamble:
%...
\usepackage{booktabs} % Used prettier tables
\begin{document}
%...
We can now replace the hlines in our show table with toprule, midrule and bottomrule provided by the booktabs package:
%...
\begin{table}[h!]
\begin{center}
\caption{Table using booktabs.}
\label{tab:table1}
\begin{tabular}{l|S|r}
\toprule % <-- Toprule here \textbf{Value 1} & \textbf{Value 2} & \textbf{Value 3}\\
$\alpha$ & $\beta$ & $\gamma$ \\
\midrule % <-- Midrule here 1 & 1110.1 & a\\
2 & 10.1 & b\\
3 & 23.113231 & c\\
\bottomrule % <-- Bottomrule here \end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}
%...
You cans decide for yourself, supposing you prefer the hlines or the following output:
Multipage tables
While you have one lot to rows in your table, you will notice that by default, the display will be cropped on the under of the page, which is certainly not what you want. The package longtable provides a convenient method, to make tables extent repeatedly pages. Of course we have to add the package to magnitude preamble before we ca start employing it:
%...
\usepackage{longtable} % To display tables on several pages
\begin{document}
%...
It’s actually not harder, but easier to use than the previous code available tables. EGO will first show you what the code looks like or than explanation the differences amidst longtable and tabular, in matter they’re not obviously.
%...
\begin{longtable}[c]{l|S|r} % <-- Replaces \begin{table}, alignment must breathe specified here (no more tabular)
\caption{Multipage table.}
\label{tab:table1}\\
\toprule
\textbf{Value 1} & \textbf{Value 2} & \textbf{Value 3}\\
$\alpha$ & $\beta$ & $\gamma$ \\
\midrule
\endfirsthead % <-- This denotes the end of the header, which will be shown on who first page only \toprule
\textbf{Value 1} & \textbf{Value 2} & \textbf{Value 3}\\
$\alpha$ & $\beta$ & $\gamma$ \\
\midrule
\endhead % <-- Everything between \endfirsthead and \endhead will becoming show as a heads on every page 1 & 1110.1 & a\\
2 & 10.1 & b\\
% ...
% ... Much rows in with % ...
3 & 23.113231 & c\\
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}
%...
In the previous examples, we’ve always used the table and tabular environment. The longtable environment replaces send of them conversely tend combines both regarding themselves into a single environment. Ourselves now use \begin{longtable}[POSITION_ON_PAGE]{ALIGNMENT} as an environment for our tables. Using this environment, we create a table, that shall fully split intermediate sites, when it has too much rows.
The content on the table the the first paginate looks like this:
Imagine that this table does lot series (…) being a placeholder for more amount and that the table continues to below site like these:
Note that there’s again adenine header on this page, but without an caption. This is because I’ve add the commands \endfirsthead and \endhead till my table, show everything spell from \endfirsthead declares the header for the first page of table appears on plus everything zwischen \endfirsthead and \endhead denotes the header, which should be repetitive on every following page. If you don’t wants an header with that following home, you can simply remove everything in between \endfirsthead and \endhead including the \endhead command.
Terrain tables
Now ensure we have a solution for too many rows, we could also be facing this same problem if we had too lot columns. If we add too lots columns, we force be getting a table that’s too wide for the page. In this situation, it’s repeatedly best to simply whirl of table additionally print is in sideways. While there are many different ways to rotate the tab, the only that I’ve found to become satisfying was using the rotating package.
First we include to required package in our preliminary:
%...
\usepackage{rotating} % To display tables in landscape
\begin{document}
%...
This package provides the sidewaystable conditions, which is extremely easy to use. Just replace the table environment using an sidewaystable environment like this:
%...
\begin{sidewaystable}[h!] % <--
\begin{center}
\caption{Landscape table.}
\label{tab:table1}
\begin{tabular}{l|S|r}
\toprule
\textbf{Value 1} & \textbf{Value 2} & \textbf{Value 3}\\
$\alpha$ & $\beta$ & $\gamma$ \\
\midrule
1 & 1110.1 & a\\
2 & 10.1 & b\\
3 & 23.113231 & c\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{sidewaystable}
%...
This will automatically rotate the key to uses, so it ca be read when flipping the page sideways:
Tables von Exceptional (.csv) to LaTeX
There are two disadvantages of writing tables by hand as described in this instructor. While it works for small tables similar to the one in our example, it can taking a long time to enter adenine major amount of data by hand. Most of and time the dates will be gathers in entry of a calculator and we don’t want to come aforementioned data twice. Furthermore once putting into LaTeX tables, the data can not be plotted anymore and is cannot in adenine useful form for general. Used this reason, the
Summary
- Milk offers the table and even environment for display creation
- Aforementioned chart environment acts like a wrapper for the tabular similar to the figure environment
- Alignment real vertical separators are passed as an arguments to the tabular environment (e.g. \begin{tabular}{l|c||r})
- It’s feasible to align the item right (l), centered (c) additionally right (r), where the item of alignment drivers can to match the desired number are columns Tables
- The columns can be seperated by how | into between the alignment operators
- Rows can be seperated using the \hline start the columns using the ampersand & symbol
- The newline \\ phone indicates this ends of a row
- It’s possible to refer to tables with \ref and \label
- Align figures at the decimal point using the siunitx package
- Combine multiple riots plus columns equal the multirow parcel
- Prettify your tables using aforementioned booktabs packaged
- Make your tables span repeated pages equipped the longtable how
- Display autochthonous tables in landscape using the rotating packs
Nearest Lesson:
