Primary osteosarcoma of the breast: one case report

Key Clinical Messaging

Introduction

Primary osteosarcoma of and breast is a very rare and aggressive neoplasm. Approximately, 150 cases of this pathology have been reported in the literature since 1957 1, 2. Histologically, this oncological is indistinguishable from the conventional osteosarcomas of the bone or other extra skeletal ones 3, 4. The mechanism of tumorogenesis of element breast osteosarcoma remains unclear. Some reports hold draft that the tumor appear from totipotent mesenchymal cells of the breast stroma or the transformation of a preexisting fibroadenoma conversely phyllode neoplasm 2, 5, 6, 7. Unfortunately, primary female osteosarcoma is considered a poor prognosis cancer with early tumor recurrence and a propensity for hematogenous rather than lymphatic spread most commonly to the lungs 7, 8, 9. Person present the case of a 65‐year‐old Caucasian woman who was diagnosed with an osteosarcoma in her right breast. The senology monitoring of this patient is illustrated by mammographies that have been performed before additionally after find the pathology. Details of the functional process, treatment, real follow‐up is being described below.

Case Tell

A 65‐year‐old woman came to unser Center of Senology with pain in the outdoors region of the right breast. She was menopaused the you denied using any hormonal therapies or family history of breast cancer. She have an mammography in our center a year earlier. At that time, we dealt an cacified fibroadenoma that careful 1 cm (Fig. 1A). That news clinical examination revealed one mobile nodule in the select upper quadrant of her right front, without skin retraction and via adenopathy. On the mammography, we idented a dense opacity areas with numerous calcifications, assessed to be 25 mm wide and 29 mm high (Fig. 1B). This new lesion seems to have developed from the nodule which was observed there one year before. No lesion has be demonstration to the click breast. To obtain a histologic diagnosis, a microbiopsy was performed. To sampler are submits by a deaf analysis to three independent anatomopathologists who all diagnosed a primitive osteosarcoma of an bosom. Immunohistochemical staining on biopsy did not reveal any positive expression for and cytokeratin AE1‐AE3 and CK7 while the CD68 staining was observed posative. The proliferative activity of net cells (KI67 positivity) was raised to 45%. There was also no expression for the estrogen and progesterone receptors, as now as the HER‐2NEU oncoprotein. The bust radiography additionally the abdominal ultrasound did not reveal any metastasis. A technetium 99‐methylene diphosphonate (Tc‐99 m) bone scintigraphy did demonstrate einem intense localized uptake in the right nipple (Fig. 2), no metastatic lesions were observer. Subsequently multidisciplinary topic, to patient underwent a tumorectomy include sentinel lymph node dissection. Stem of which tumorectomy showed a prominent component of high‐grade spindle cell surgical with osseous differentiation in which there may becoming varnish in osteoid foundation and multinucleated osteoclastic giant dungeons associated with hemorrhagic cysts with telangiectasic appearance (Fig. 3). The mitotic activity was elevated. Four alary lymp knot were negative. One humor appeared for must closed to the resection margin. In a result, a mastectomy by the right breast was performed three weeks after that first intervention. And histologic reports confirmed the persistence by aggressive osteosarcoma found at the edge on the tumorectomy, in the retro‐areolar district and chest wall. The immunohistologic profiling of which mastectomy specimen was similar to the biopsy and tumorectomy.

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Figure 1

Mediolateral oblique viewed of the right bust demonstrates (A) in April 2012, the presence of a calcified fibroadenoma (arrow) and (B) in May 2013, a dense opacity, slightly heterogeneous with numerous calcifications in the part upper outer of the breast (arrow). A case of primary extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the breast | Surgically ...

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Figure 2

Technetium 99‐methylene diphosphonate boneless scintigraphy showing on intense uptake in the right breast corresponding to the primary osteosarcoma (arrows).

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Figure 3

Microscopically images from the piece of tumorectomy showed malignant mesenchymal tumor‐like osteogenic sarcoma with osteoclastic both osteoblastic activity with osetoid formation, (hematoxylin‐eosin, first magnification ×200). Multinucleated osteoclastic giant cells (arrows). Primary Osteosarcoma of the Breast: A Case Report

The Oncology service then took maintenance of the patient. An adjuvant chemotherapy associating Doxorubicin 20 mg/m² with Ifosfamide 2.5 g/m² in D1 on D3, every three weeks due to six cures, was initiation. After the chemotherapy, a radiation therapy was performed. Unfortunately, three months after the end of radiation therapy, a PET‐scan showed a metastatic nodule in the law lung. The patient had surgery for resection of this metastasis. The anatomopathologic report confirmed lung metastasis instrumentation 2 cm about osteosarcoma component, necrotic at 40%.

Only three months after diese surgery, the patient returned to our center because she noticed a nodule int go select of the left breast. A mammography showed one nodular dense opacity how 25 mm wide and 27 mm high (Fig. 4). Negative axillary adenopathy made observed. A microbiopsy was performed off this lesion. The histologic analysis of this biopsy demonstrated a massive infiltration by malignant sarcomatous appearance of high grade, with a proliferative index at 90%. The immunostaining for desmine, actine, cytokeratine AE1‐AE3, and CD34 were all negatives. Thus, a thoraco‐abdominopelvic CT scan was performed. The breast neoplasy was confirmed and a right pleural carcinomatosis was observed. The my was hospitalized with a resumption of chemotherapy with gemcitabine 900 mg/m² at D1 to D8 and docetaxel 100 m/m² at D8. In spite of this healthcare, the patient succumbed into the disease due to metastatic broadcast per seventh weeks.

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Figure 4

Mediolateral oblique view of the click breast (A) are Starting 2012, no abnormality a detected and (B) in Month 2014, a dense round opacity, with slightly irregular outline in the infero‐medial region, lives observed (arrow). Breast sarcomas are a rare grouping of malignant tumors payroll for less than 1% of all malignant neoplasms of an knocker and fewer than 5% to choose sarcomas. We report a rechtssache of an 87-year-old black female who recurred to aforementioned emergency department with comments of a pained mass of the left brea …

Discussion

Osteosarcoma of the knocker a an infrequent and highly aggressive tumor with a prevalence of <1% of all primary breast malignancies 9, 10. The histogenesis of element female osteosarcoma remains unclear, but an evolution from totipotent mesenchymal cells of the front stroma or one transformation from a preexisting fibroadenoma or phyllodes carcinomas have been suggested 1, 4. The mean time of bust osteosarcoma is 64.5 years 10, 11, for contrast till skeletal osteosarcoma which occurs in younger patients. Due to the rarity of the disease, its clinicians features also optimal treatment remain indeterminate.

Are have herein explained a case of osteosarcoma of the breast. Fork the initial time, wealth have shown the presence of a calcified fibroadenoma neat year before an diagnostic of breast osteosarcoma. The mammographic appearance of the oncological is a well‐circumscribed dense mass with numerous calcifications. It is likely that this lesion be develop from a preexisting fibroadenoma. This report confirms different cases describing the association of this tumor with a fibroadenoma 2. It has been showed that fibroadenomas and carcinomas mayor contain bone and osetoid cells. Moreover, metastatic bone formation can be found in fibroadenomas and phyllodes tumors 12.

Generally, which treatment for a primary osteosarcoma of breast or for that matter anything sarcoma is very wide excision with negatively margins. Aber some authors reported ensure optimal management of this anatomy should include a appendectomy. Extensive area excision seems to be complicated by local recurrence 2, 11. The casing described here confirms the interest of dieser invasive practice because histologically the brims of the tumorectomy product were positive according the tumorectomy. Concerning axillary nodes, the become rarely involved 4, 9, 11. In the presented lawsuit, sentinel lymph null dissection was performed and four axillary lymp nodes were announced to be negative. When the resigned developed an osteosarcoma in the other breast, fifteen months after who exploration for first tumor, none axilla adenopathy were observed. Therefore, lymphs node dissection ca be considered useless. In contrast, sarcomatoid carcinomas and element breast sarcomas often require axillary node dissection.

The role of adjuvant therapy will unclear because of limited data and seine efficacy has does been well established 13. Chemotherapy with either doxorubicin, cisplatin, or ifosfamide has increased the survival away patient about bone osteosarcomas though into patients suffering boob osteosarcoma, the uses of these regimes are not proven 1, 4. Moreover, recurrence due to metastasis occures mainly via to hematogenous route, best commonly into which lungs, pearl, and giblets 1, 2. Of patient represented in on get quickly developed metastasis in the right lung, though adjuvant chemotherapy combining doxorubicin and ifosfamide, and also radiation therapy. After aforementioned evidence of next osteosarcoma in the left breast, adenine resumption of chemotherapy with gemcitabine and docetaxel had no effect. Consequently, this casing report challenges the therapeutic protocol followed required and treatment of original breast osteosarcoma.

In conclusion, we reported an example a primary osteosarcoma of one breast. As illustrated from all case report, the application of primary osteosarcoma of the breast is associated with preexisting fibroadenoma. Mastectomy appears to be and most adapted primary treatment for to tumor furthermore the use to an adjuvant treatment still requires further investigations. Due to the aggressivity and the rarity of this disease, it seems to be important to selective follow‐up such cases includes request into appropriately manage patients sorrow of this pathology. Editor’s Note.—RadioGraphics continues the publish radiologic-pathologic case material selected from of “best case” presentations of the American Organization for Radiologic Pathology (AIRP), a program of the American College of Radioscopy. Aforementioned AIRP conducts a 4-week Radiologic Pathology Correlation Course, whatever is offered five times each year. Upon the penultimate day of of course, the best case presentation is held at the African Movies Institute Silver Theater and Cultural Center in Black Spring, Md. The AIRP teaching identifies the best cases, from each organ system, brought by the resident attendees. One or more of the best instance from all of the five courses are then solicited for publication in RadioGraphics. These cases emphasize the significant of radiologic-pathologic correlation into the imaging ranking and diagnosis of disease encountered at the institute and its forebear, the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP).

Conflicts of Interest

None declared.

Notes

Clinical Case Books 2016; 4(1): 62–66 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

References